"The Guardian"
In order to answer the question of when Greece might run out of cash, let’s start at the top of the debt mountain. The country owes €323bn (£238bn), which is more than 175% of its GDP. About three quarters of Greek debt is owed to the EU and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), two of the three members of the troika that has rescued the country with a contentious bailout package.
Desde 2008, a economia Grega encolheu em cerca um quarto. Apenas recentemente conhecemos algo semelhante a crescimento. No pico da crise o desemprego ultrapassou 28%, e entre os jovens atingiu os 60%. The overall jobless figure remains stubbornly high at just under 26%.
The latest chapter in this odyssey is over the extension of Greece’s bailout. It adds up to about €240bn. Broadly speaking, most of the financing disbursed so far has gone towards servicing debt – so not state operations such as paying teachers and doctors, or at least not directly. To be clear, unable to raise money elsewhere, Greece would most probably have found itself unable to pay salaries – and out of the euro. For the sake of detail, it’s important to know where the bailout money went:
Carta com a proposta do Governo Grego ao Eurogrupo:
Aqui está a carta enviada por Yanis Varoufakis, na versão original:
Dear President of the Eurogroup,
Over the last five years, the people of Greece have exerted remarkable efforts in economic adjustment. The new government is committed to a broader and deeper reform process aimed at durably improving growth and employment prospects, achieving debt sustainability and financial stability, enhancing social fairness and mitigating the significant social cost of the ongoing crisis.
The Greek authorities recognise that the procedures agreed by the previous governments were interrupted by the recent presidential and general elections and that, as a result, several of the technical arrangements have been invalidated. The Greek authorities honour Greece’s financial obligations to all its creditors as well as state our intention to cooperate with our partners in order to avert technical impediments in the context of the Master Facility Agreement which we recognise as binding vis-a-vis its financial and procedural content.
In this context, the Greek authorities are now applying for the extension of the Master Financial Assistance Facility Agreement for a period of six months from its termination during which period we shall proceed jointly, and making best use of given flexibility in the current arrangement, toward its successful conclusion and review on the basis of the proposals of, on the one hand, the Greek government and, on the other, the institutions.
The purpose of the requested six-month extension of the Agreement’s duration is:
(a) To agree the mutually acceptable financial and administrative terms the implementation of which, in collaboration with the institutions, will stabilise Greece’s fiscal position, attain appropriate primary fiscal surpluses, guarantee debt stability and assist in the attainment of fiscal targets for 2015 that take into account the present economic situation.
(b) To ensure, working closely with our European and international partners, that any new measures be fully funded while refraining from unilateral action that would undermine the fiscal targets, economic recovery and financial stability.
(c) To allow the European Central Bank to re-introduce the waiver in accordance with its procedures and regulations.
(d) To extend the availability of the EFSF bonds held by the HFSF for the duration of the Agreement.
(e) To commence work between the technical teams on a possible new Contract for Recovery and Growth that the Greek authorities envisage between Greece, Europe and the International Monetary Fund which could follow the current Agreement.
(f) To agree on supervision under the EU and ECB framework and, in the same spirit, with the International Monetary Fund for the duration of the extended Agreement.
(G) To discuss means of enacting the November 2012 Eurogroup decision regarding possible further debt measures and assistance for implementation after the completion of the extended Agreement and as part of the follow-up Contract.
With the above in mind, the Greek government expresses its determination to cooperate closely with the European Union’s institutions and with the International Monetary Fund in order: (a) to attain fiscal and financial stability and (b) to enable the Greek government to introduce the substantive, far-reaching reforms that are needed to restore the living standards of millions of Greek citizens through sustainable economic growth, gainful employment and social cohesion.
Sincerely,
Yanis Varoufakis
Minister of Finance
Hellenic Republic
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